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Maoz Haim Synagogue
The Maoz Haim Synagogue was originally constructed in the 3rd century as a simple Byzantine-era type basilica building, later apsidical, in the Beit She'an region in northern Israel. Discovered in February 1974 by Mr. A. Ya’aqobi during some unrelated digging near Maoz Haim, it stands out as an unusual archeological find that contains a record of synagogue development from a time of otherwise sparse historiography. It was even developing right through times of anti-Judaic legislation and sermonizing.〔Levine, Lee. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, 211〕 The synagogue was located amongst a large settlement in which it served as a center of worship for Jews there from its beginning up through its final destruction by fire sometime in the early 7th century.〔Levine, Lee, ed. Ancient Synagogues Revealed, 89〕
==Layout==
The initial layout began as a fourteen by twelve and a half meter square room with two rows of five columns with benches lining the walls, although none remained standing.〔אפרים שטרן. אנציקלופדיה החדשה לחפירות ארכיאולוגית בארץ ישראל〕 There was a single entrance eastward which is considered to be unusual. Most synagogues, aside from others which were located in the same northern Galil region, did not share this feature. However, it is mentioned in rabbinic sources as part of the synagogue layout in order to emulate the eastward entrance utilized by the Tabernacle.〔Levine, Lee. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, 199〕 The focal point of the synagogue was located southward, towards Jerusalem. Such an orientation had not previously been a feature of synagogues of the era, but was a new custom which was just beginning to take hold.〔Levine, Lee. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years, 195〕 This is especially noticeable with remodeling which was done in the 4th century, altering the synagogue to feature an apse in the southern wall. While the synagogue did not originally have a narthex, one was added during the later phases of building to the north, although it was totally destroyed. The later phases also added an additional entrance to the north, presumably to allow for easier access to the sanctuary.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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